How often should a covered entity perform a risk assessment under HIPAA?

Covered entities are required to conduct risk assessments regularly to ensure compliance with HIPAA regulations and to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information (ePHI). The correct answer emphasizes that these assessments should occur regularly, with a minimum frequency of once a year.

This annual assessment requirement supports the ongoing evaluation of a covered entity's security measures and risk management practices in light of potential vulnerabilities and threats. Regular assessments are crucial for identifying new risks, implementing necessary security controls, and adjusting policies and procedures to address changes in technology or operations. Such diligence ensures that a covered entity maintains compliance with HIPAA's Security Rule and can effectively respond to any potential security incidents.

Other options, like conducting assessments every six months or once every two years, do not reflect the spirit of HIPAA's focus on continuous improvement and vigilance in protecting patient data. Similarly, only performing a risk assessment when there is a data breach is inadequate, as it does not provide a proactive approach to risk management and could leave the organization unprepared to handle security threats effectively.